| TGF-β | Transforming growth factor-β |
| TGFBR1 | TGF-β receptor type I |
| RT-PCR | Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction |
| H/E | Hematoxylin and Eosin |
| bp | Base pair |
| PDB | Protein data bank |
| PBS | Phosphate-buffered saline |
| DEPC | Diethyl Pyrocarbonate |
| PCR | Polymerase Chain Reaction |
| DIG | Digoxigenin |
| AP | Alkaline Phosphatase |