Figure 2.

Offspring emergence and sex ratio of Trichomalopsis ovigastra parasitizing Bactrocera dorsalis pupae. (A) Number of emerged offspring from hosts of different pupal ages. (B) Sex ratio of parasitoid offspring emerging from hosts of different pupal ages. (C) Parasitism performance of T. ovigastra individuals of different ages on B. dorsalis pupae. Statistical analysis was performed using generalized linear mixed models with binomial distribution. In panel (A), red bars indicate pairwise comparisons with significant differences (p < 0.05). In panel (C), different lowercase letters above the bars denote statistically significant differences among groups (p < 0.05).