Fig. 6.

Alveolus-on-a-chip MPS. (A) A biologically inspired design of an alveolus-on-a-chip microsystem. Reproduced with permission from Ref [109]., Copyright 2010, Science. (B) An alveolus-on-a-chip array integrated with a bio-inspired respiration mechanism. Reproduced with permission from Ref [111]., Copyright 2015, Royal Society of Chemistry. (C) An alveolus-on-a-chip with an array of stretchable alveoli. Reproduced with permission from Ref [112]., Copyright 2021, Springer Nature. (D) A 3D inkjet-bio-printed alveolus-on-a-chip. Reproduced with permission from Ref [113]., Copyright 2023, American Chemical Society