Table 3. Literature Matrix Table of Studies on the Impact of SGLT2 Inhibitors on QoL.

This literature matrix consolidates studies that explore the effects of SGLT2i on the QoL of patients, especially those suffering from HF and/or T2DM. Each row denotes an individual study, with columns presenting information such as the author and citation, year published, main objective, study design, and principal results.

SGLT2, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2; SGLT2i, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors; HF, heart failure; HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; LV, left ventricle/left ventricular; QoL, quality of life; CHF, chronic heart failure; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide

Author	Year of Publication	Primary Aim	Research Methodology	Findings
Santos-Gallego et al. [37]	2021	To evaluate the impact of empagliflozin on LV performance, volumes, functional capacity, and QoL in nondiabetic individuals with HFrEF.	Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial	Administration of empagliflozin in nondiabetic patients with HFrEF markedly enhanced LV sizes, LV mass, LV systolic function, functional capacity, and QoL relative to placebo.
Balaguer Germán et al. [38]	2024	To evaluate the impact of SGLT2i on individuals who have HFrEF.	Single-centre, real-world observational study	Administration of SGLT2 inhibitors in elderly patients with HFrEF correlated with a decreased incidence of all-cause mortality.
Voorrips et al. [39]	2022	To ascertain if SGLT2 inhibitors enhance exercise tolerance in progressive HF.	Review of literature	SGLT2 inhibitors enhance exercise tolerance in CHF.
Li et al. [40]	2024	To assess the actual effects of SGLT2i on cardiovascular events, safety, and metabolic profiles in patients with CHF, regardless of the presence of T2DM.	Cohort study	SGLT2i treatment improved LVEF and markedly decreased ambulatory blood pressure, uric acid, fasting blood glucose, pulmonary artery pressure, and NT-proBNP levels in CHF patients.
Kongmalai et al. [41]	2024	To investigate the real-world efficacy and safety of SGLT2 inhibitors on cardiovascular effects in patients with T2DM and HF, as well as to assess the possible relevant adverse event risks.	Retrospective cohort study	SGLT2i inhibitors markedly enhanced cardiovascular outcomes in individuals with T2DM and HF in a real-world context, validating their integration into care strategies for high-risk patients.