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. 2025 Jul 26;15:27229. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-11987-8

Table 3.

Chemical composition of used cement (% mass).

SiO2 CaO Al2O3 Fe2O3 MgO SO3 Na2O P2O5 Cl TiO2 LOI*
21.52 61.89 3.8 1.88 2.26 2.81 0.55 0.21 0.14 0.51 3.11

* LOI: Loss on Ignition at 1000 °C.