Table 6.
Comparative study between fitness value, thresholds, and PSNR for low-contrast image (Camera man) for different optimization techniques.
| Image | Fitness value | Thresholds | PSNR | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K = 2 | K = 3 | K = 4 | K = 5 | K = 2 | K = 3 | K = 4 | K = 5 | K = 2 | K = 3 | K = 4 | K = 5 | |
| GAAOA Lévy | 1.15e+3 | 1.181e+3 | 1.21e+3 | 1.26e+3 | 53.92 | 37.22 | 32.23 | 34.23 | 22.61 | 25.21 | 26.11 | 28.12 |
| EMO Lévy | 1.15e+3 | 1.18e+3 | 1.199e+3 | 1.23e+3 | 52.95 | 35.68. | 31.66 | 29.53 | 21.48 | 24.56 | 25.62 | 27.31 |
| EMO | 1.15e+3 | 1.18e+3 | 1.191e+3 | 1.21e+3 | 52.94 | 34.69. | 34.68 | 33.67 | 21.34 | 24.43 | 25.55 | 25.78 |
| CS | 1.15e+3 | 1.18e+03 | 1.189e+3 | 1.12e+3 | 52.93 | 34.67 | 34.68 | 32.65 | 21.48 | 24.56 | 25.62 | 26.84 |
| SCA | 1.14e+3 | 1.17e+3 | 1.184e+3 | 1.119e+3 | 52.34 | 34.13 | 34.21 | 32.28 | 21.16 | 24.23 | 25.41 | 26.23 |
| MFO | 1.13e+3 | 1.169e+3 | 1.183e+3 | 1.114e+3 | 52.22 | 34.01 | 33.97 | 32.11 | 21.02 | 24.12 | 25.22 | 26.12 |
| WOA | 1.13e+3 | 1.167e+3 | a.a81e+3 | 1.111 e+3 | 51.87 | 33.87 | 33.67 | 32.01 | 20.97 | 23.89 | 25.12 | 25.76 |