Table 7.
Comparative study between fitness value, thresholds, and PSNR for high-contrast image (Camera man) for different optimization techniques.
| Image | Fitness value | Thresholds | PSNR | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K = 2 | K = 3 | K = 4 | K = 5 | K = 2 | K = 3 | K = 4 | K = 5 | K = 2 | K = 3 | K = 4 | K = 5 | |
| GAAOA | 10.3e+3 | 9.63+3 | 9.7e+3 | 9.6e+3 | 79.11 | 71.12 | 65.11 | 31.23 | 19.78 | 21.27 | 23.76 | 24.12 |
| EMO Lévy | 9.2e+3 | 9.4e+3 | 9.4e+3 | 9.4e+3 | 77.2 | 68.17 | 60.21 | 28.71 | 18.93 | 19.62 | 22.38 | 22.79 |
| EMO | 9.2e+3 | 9.3e+3 | 9.4e+03 | 9.4e+3 | 78.2 | 68.17 | 42.11 | 39.10 | 13.95 | 19.57 | 21.37 | 22.04 |
| CS | 8.6e+3 | 8.76e+3 | 8.7e+3 | 8.7e+3 | 73.2 | 66.16 | 41.11 | 37.93 | 12.86 | 19.21 | 20.82 | 22.43 |
| SCA | 8.61e+3 | 8.72e+3 | 8.69e+3 | 8.66e+3 | 73.11 | 65.97 | 40.91 | 36.67 | 12.78 | 18.81 | 20.77 | 21.98 |
| MFO | 8.43e+3 | 8.71e+ | 8.67e+3 | 8.62e+3 | 72.29 | 65.45 | 40.12 | 36.44 | 12.71 | 18.76 | 20.71 | 21.82 |
| WOA | 8.44e+3 | 8.701e+ | 8.63e+3 | 8.61e+3 | 72.16 | 65.34 | 39.23 | 36.21 | 12.65 | 18.21 | 20.13 | 21.65 |