| HMO | Human milk oligosaccharides |
| Glc | glucose |
| Gal | galactose |
| GlcNAc | N-acetylglucosamine |
| Fuc | fucose |
| SIA | sialic acid |
| Lac | lactose |
| 2′-FL | 2′-fucosyllactose |
| 3′-SL | 3′-sialyllactose |
| 6′-SL | 6′-sialyllactose |
| SCFA | short-chain fatty acid |
| qPCR | quantitative PCR |
| RNA-seq | RNA sequencing |