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. 2025 Jul 15;25(14):4402. doi: 10.3390/s25144402
DPIs Dry powder inhalers
AI Artificial intelligence
ML Machine learning
PIFR Peak Inspiratory Flow Rate
IC Inspiratory capacity
COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
INCA Inhaler Compliance Assessment
MEMS Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems
PCB Printed circuit board
RF Random Forest
SVM Support Vector Machine
GPR Gaussian Process Regressor
ETR Extra Trees Regressor
MAE Mean absolute error
MSE Mean squared error
RMSE Root mean squared error