Skip to main content
. 2025 Jul 14;12:1632964. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1632964

Table 2.

Univariate analysis of risk factors associated with 28-day mortality.

Variable HR (95% CI) p value
Demographics
Gender, male 0.73 (0.33, 1.60) 0.428
Age, years 1.05 (1.01, 1.09) 0.008
Comorbidities
Diabetes 1.65 (0.74, 3.67) 0.223
Immunosuppression NA* 0.998
Hypertension 1.53 (0.69, 3.37) 0.293
COPD NA* 0.997
CKD 1.49 (0.45, 4.99) 0.516
Cardiac parameters
LVID, cm 1.07 (0.95, 1.21) 0.286
TAPSE, cm 0.01 (0.00, 0.04) <0.001
LVEF-S, % 0.83 (0.79, 0.88) <0.001
Laboratory values
NT-proBNP, pg./mL† 1.00 (1.00, 1.0001) 0.130
cTnI, ng/mL 1.58 (1.25, 1.99) <0.001
APACHE II score 1.24 (1.16, 1.34) <0.001
SOFA score 0.89 (0.67, 1.19) 0.434
Lactate, mmol/L 1.22 (1.02, 1.46) 0.026
PCT, ng/mL 1.008 (0.998, 1.019) 0.110
LDH, IU/L 1.000 (1.000, 1.000) 0.749
AG, mmol/L 1.04 (0.99, 1.11) 0.127
CK, IU/L 1.000 (1.000, 1.000) 0.747

* NA indicates hazard ratio could not be calculated due to zero events in one group. † HR presented to 4 decimal places due to small effect size. COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease; LVID, left ventricular internal diameter; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; LVEF-S, left ventricular ejection fraction-Simpson; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; cTnI, cardiac troponin I; PCT, procalcitonin; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; AG, anion gap; CK, creatine kinase; APACHE, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment.