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. 2025 Jul 14;18:1619583. doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2025.1619583

Figure 1.

Illustrations and graphs depicting a scientific study on maternal immune activation and treatment effects on mice. Panel A showcases a timeline of gestation and postnatal development, highlighting treatment intervals and assessments. Panel B shows an electron micrograph image with a scale bar. Panel C displays a gel electrophoresis result with marker bands labeled in base pairs. Panel D is a line graph showing scores over time for different treatment groups, while Panel E is a bar graph comparing body weights before and after treatment across groups.

The design of the study. (A) The experimental setup (picture created with biorender.com). PIC (20 mg/kg b.w.) was injected intraperitoneally at gestation day 17 to female mice. An inhibitor of BET proteins, OTX-015 (100 mg/kg b.w. daily), was administered orally to 12-month-old offspring males for 14 days (weeks 50–51), then animals were euthanized, and the brain tissue was analyzed; (B) the typical Atomic Force Microscopy picture of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (PIC); (C) the typical picture of electrophoretic analysis of high molecular weight (HMW) PIC (lane 2) and low molecular weight (LMW) PIC (lane 3) on agarose gel, size markers range is 100–1,000 bp (lane 1); (D) propensity of mice to voluntary drug intake during 14 days of treatment, the score calculation was based on time of voluntary butter/drug intake: 5 – 0–15 min, 4 – 15–30 min, 3 – 30–45 min, 2 – 45–60 min, 1 – above 60 min, 0 – no intake; PB – peanut butter, MIA-maternal immune activation. (E) The effect of MIA and OTX-015 on the body weight of 12-month-old offspring animals. The presented data are means ± SEM. N = 7–8 (D) and 9–11 (E). Each data point (○) represents an individual animal. * p < 0.05. Statistical analyses were conducted using either the Student’s t-test (to compare groups before OTX-015 treatment) or one-way ANOVA (to compare all groups), as appropriate based on data distribution.