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. 2025 Jul 14;18:1619583. doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2025.1619583

Figure 8.

Bar and violin plots labeled A to K display behavioral data for control, MIA, MIA+OTX015, and OTX015 groups. Metrics include distance, duration, frequency in central zone, grooming episodes and duration, grooming latency, rearing episodes and duration, climbing episodes and duration, and defecations. Significant differences are marked with asterisks.

The effect of MIA and OTX-015 on exploratory activity and anxiety-related behavior in 12-month-old male mice. The exploratory activity and anxiety-related behavior of mice were analyzed in an open-field test: (A) the total distance traveled by animals, (B) the time spent in the central zone, (C) the number of entries to the central zone, (D) the number of self-grooming events, (E) the total time spent on self-grooming (F) the latency to the first self-grooming event, (G) the number of rearing events, (H) the duration of rearing events, (I) the number of climbing events, (J) the duration of climbing events, and (K) the number of defecations. Data (A–C,E–G,J) represent the mean values ± SEMs. Data not normally distributed (D,H,I,K) are presented as violin plots with all data points. *, ** p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively, compared with the control group. N = 8–11. Each data point (○) represents an individual animal. Statistical analyses were conducted using either one-way ANOVA followed by the Bonferroni post hoc test, or the Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn’s post hoc multiple comparisons test, as appropriate based on data distribution.