. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Jul 28.

Published in final edited form as: Neurosurg Focus. 2023 Nov;55(5):E7. doi: 10.3171/2023.8.FOCUS23423

TABLE 3.

Relationships between previously significant clinicodemographic variables and gender and 12-month postoperative improvement in NDI score

Variable	Postop NDI Improvement^*		T-Statistic^†	p Value
Variable	Females	Males	T-Statistic^†	p Value
Axial neck pain
Absent^‡	7.94 (123)	5.39 (193)	−2.02	0.043
Present^‡	10.40 (270)	8.84 (246)	−2.27	0.023
Medicare insurance^‡	9.26 (164)	6.96 (186)	−2.21	0.027
Private insurance^‡	10.19 (189)	7.56 (211)	−2.96	0.0031

Presented as t-statistic (number of patients).

^†

A negative t-statistic indicates a greater association with reduction in 12-month NDI score in females.

^‡

Significant (p < 0.05) according to the multivariate generalized linear model.