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. 2025 Jul 14;16:1525582. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1525582

Table 5.

Comparison of perceived freedom in leisure and multifaceted leadership orientation scale scores according to individuals' ages.

Subdimensions Age N M ±Sd f p LSD
Perceived freedom in leisure 18–28a 113 102.44 ± 5.66 2.091 0.100 -
29–39b 245 102.13 ± 5.58
40–50c 144 101.52 ± 5.70
51 and aboved 131 100.83 ± 6.16
Political leadership 18–28a 113 14.96 ± 3.86 2.581 0.053 -
29–39b 245 14.80 ± 3.99
40–50c 144 15.91 ± 3.96
51 and aboved 131 14.98 ± 3.83
Human resource leadership 18–28a 113 14.61 ± 3.70 4.063 0.007 a < b a < c
29–39b 245 15.93 ± 4.04
40–50c 144 16,10 ± 3,96
51 and aboved 131 15,28 ± 3,85
Charismatic leadership 18–28a 113 14,84 ± 3,53 2.332 0.073 -
29–39b 245 15,56 ± 4,05
40–50c 144 16,21 ± 5,03
51 and aboved 131 15.81 ± 4.04
Structural leadership 18–28a 113 12.99 ± 2.90 1.013 0.387 -
29–39b 245 12.95 ± 3.16
40–50c 144 13.22 ± 3.71
51 and aboved 131 12.56 ± 2.74

M, Mean; Sd, Standard Deviation; f, F-value; p, p-value; LSD, Least Significant Difference. p < 0.05. Bold numbers are used to emphasize significant differences. Letters were used to indicate the differences between the variables on the left side of the tables.