Skip to main content
. 2025 Jul 14;16:1525582. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1525582

Table 7.

Comparison of perceived freedom in leisure and multifaceted leadership orientation scale scores according to individuals' recreational activity branches.

Subdimensions Branches N M ±Sd f p LSD
Perceived freedom in leisure Cyclinga 56 103.00 ± 6.09 5.709 < 0.001 a>d
b>d
b < g
c>d
e>d
f>d
g>d
Mountaineeringb 103 101.72 ± 5.47
Paraglidingc 108 102.07 ± 3.73
Orienteeringd 100 98.99 ± 6.73
Campinge 124 102.11 ± 6.16
Trekkingf 91 102.31 ± 5.49
Canoeingg 51 103.65 ± 5.38
Political leadership Cyclinga 56 15.04 ± 4.56 1.874 0.083 -
Mountaineeringb 103 15.09 ± 3.70
Paraglidingc 108 15.78 ± 3.96
Orienteeringd 100 14.79 ± 4.11
Campinge 124 15.41 ± 4.46
Trekkingf 91 14.12 ± 2.23
Canoeingg 51 15.65 ± 4.17
Human resource leadership Cyclinga 56 15.54 ± 4.38 1.350 0.233 -
Mountaineeringb 103 15.59 ± 4.22
Paraglidingc 108 15.98 ± 4.00
Orienteeringd 100 16.11 ± 3.94
Campinge 124 15.41 ± 4.12
Trekkingf 91 14.70 ± 3.10
Canoeingg 51 15.96 ± 3.70
Charismatic leadership Cyclinga 56 15.05 ± 4.58 3.892 0.001 a < d
b < d
c>f
d>a
d>b
d>e
d>f
d>g
e>f
Mountaineeringb 103 15.41 ± 4.71
Paraglidingc 108 16.03 ± 4.07
Orienteeringd 100 17.04 ± 3.60
Campinge 124 15.74 ± 4.04
Trekkingf 91 14.34 ± 3.40
Canoeingg 51 15.14 ± 5.16
Structural leadership Cyclinga 56 12.29 ± 4.07 4.715 < 0.001 a < c
a < d
b < c
b < d
b < e
b < f
c>g
d>e
d>g
f>g
Mountaineeringb 103 12.07 ± 3.11
Paraglidingc 108 13.43 ± 3.30
Orienteeringd 100 13.96 ± 2.74
Campinge 124 12.90 ± 3.02
Trekkingf 91 13.15 ± 2.65
Canoeingg 51 12.04 ± 3.27

M, Mean Sd; Standard Deviation; f, F-value; p, p-value; LSD, Least Significant Difference. p < 0.05. Bold numbers are used to emphasize significant differences. Letters were used to indicate the differences between the variables on the left side of the tables.