Table 2. Comparison of the Results of Three U-Net-Based Models for BMs Detection and Segmentation.
| Standard U-Net | Modified U-Net | Modified U-Net with GAN | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LWS (%) | 87.84 | 89.19 | 89.19 | |
| Average FPR | 2.2 | 1.4 | 0.9* (p=0.024) | |
| Patient-wise DSC | 0.815 (±0.09) | 0.846 (±0.06) | 0.853 (±0.06) | |
| Tumor volume range (lesion-wise DSC) | ||||
| ≥0.1 cc | 0.724 (±0.27) | 0.712 (±0.28) | 0.715 (±0.28) | |
| 0.06–<0.1 cc | 0.754 (±0.05) | 0.761 (±0.08) | 0.763 (±0.08) | |
| 0.04–<0.06 cc | 0.540 (±0.34) | 0.635 (±0.27) | 0.674 (±0.17) | |
| 0.02–<0.04 cc | 0.567 (±0.22) | 0.553 (±0.20) | 0.575 (±0.17) | |
| <0.02 cc | 0.515 (±0.34) | 0.558 (±0.38) | 0.556 (±0.37) | |
BM, brain metastases; GAN, generative adversarial network; LWS, lesion-wise sensitivity; FPR, false-positive rate; DSC, dice similarity coefficient.
Asterisk (*) indicates the statistical significance of differences between the modified U-Net with GAN and the standard U-Net, as determined by p-values.