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. 2025 Jul 15;12:1574110. doi: 10.3389/frobt.2025.1574110

TABLE 4.

Identified constraint frames of robot demonstrations.

Figure 2 label Min. norm 7 in frame type ϕmrad s1 Degrees of freedom* Geometry error*
Min. norm 8 in frame type ψmm s1
G B λϕmrad s1 ΔRϕdeg
BB GB GG BG λψmm s1 ΔRψdeg Δpψmm
A 108.2±7.9 20.5±10.8 37.9±2.8 47.2±3.8 863.7 ±46 .7 0.19±0.02
2.4±0.2 3.6±0.2 2.3±0.1 2.3±0.2 1.6±0.2 1.8±0.2 4.5±0.2 6.46±0.21
B 47.5±3.7 47.5±3.7 39.0±3.5 50.0±3.8 55.3±4.4
12.9±1.1 7.9±0.5 21.3±1.5 23.3±1.6 0.9±0.1 1.8±0.2 256.5 ±13.4 0.94±0.18
D 144.3±10.1 142.1±9.2 50.5±3.7 60.8±3.5 958.2 ±115.6 2.59±0.50
47.9±7.2 35.1±2.3 60.3±7.2 58.4±8.1 1.4±0.2 156.4 ±25.3 185.7 ±14.2 0.52±0.13
I 85.4±5.0 86.3±2.3 25.5±1.7 30.3±3.9 786.5 ±77.5 0.56±0.15
18.0±1.9 10.6±1.2 23.1±2.3 23.5±2.1 2.4±0.3 5.2±0.9 93.9 ±7.3 1.64±0.18 3.53±1.12
K 428.3±2.1 495.3±4.0 260.2 ±30.3 430.8 ±78.8 716.1 ±71.6
54.2±10.8 30.3±4.9 56.4±8.1 59.8±11.0 4.2±1.4 68.3 ±17.8 99.4 ±14.6 2.45±1.43 7.69±2.32

* In frame type with lowest minimized norm (bold). Italic: corresponds to ground-truth free axis. Error used in reproduction (Figure 5).