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. 2025 Jul 15;8:1607348. doi: 10.3389/frai.2025.1607348

Table 4.

Number of potential outliers detected by machine learning methods.

Method Diameter 1 Thickness 1 Diameter 2 Thickness 2 Diameter 3 Thickness 3
Isolation forest 6 1 1 0 2 1
DBSCAN 2 2 1 1 2 0
KNN 1 2 1 1 2 1
LOF 99 - Hard to interpret
OSVM 5 6 7
EllipticEnvelope 1 1 1 0 3 0
Autoencoder 20