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. 2025 May 29;121(12):14147–14175. doi: 10.1007/s11069-025-07351-8

Fig. 10.

Fig. 10

Probability density function (PDF) of the timing of the storm surge peaks with respect to the closest high tide for a all extracted peaks, b peaks between 0.5 and 1 m, and c peaks exceeding 1 m. The smooth line shows the PDF obtained with the Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) method, and the bars the empirical PDF