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. 2025 Jul 28;15:27465. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-06715-1

Table 1.

Wilkes classification, outcomes and selection of pre-operative therapy.

Concentric needle and cannula arthrocentesis – preoperative
TMJ right TMJ left
Patient Wilkes clasification (image) Arthralgia (EVA-DC) Joint sound Selected and applied therapy Total number of infiltrations /therapeutic sequence Wilkes clasification (image) Arthralgia (EVA-DC) Joint sound Selected and applied therapy Total number of infiltrations /therapeutic sequence Mouth opening measurement
1 WILKES – V 3 Present Arthrocentesis UC − 6 WILKES – V 3 Present Arthrocentesis UC − 6 36 mm
UC: PRF LC − 6 UC: PRF LC − 6
LC: PRF LC: PRF
2 WILKES – V 3 Present Arthrocentesis UC − 6 WILKES – V 3 Absent Arthrocentesis UC − 6 40 mm
UC: PRF LC − 6 UC: PRF LC − 6
LC: PRF LC: PRF
3 WILKES – V 2 Present Arthrocentesis UC − 6 WILKES – V 2 Present Arthrocentesis UC − 6 45 mm
UC: VS LC − 6 DDwoR UC: VS LC − 6
LC: PRF LC: PRF
4 WILKES – V 2 Absent Arthrocentesis UC − 6 WILKES – V 3 Absent DDwoR-with limited opening Arthrocentesis UC − 6 33 mm
DDwoR-without limited opening UC: VS LC − 6 UC: VS LC − 6
LC: PRF LC: PRF
5 WILKES – IV 3 Absent Arthrocentesis UC − 4 WILKES – IV 2 Absent. DDwR-without limited opening Arthrocentesis UC − 4 38 mm
DDwoR-without limited opening UC: VS LC − 4 UC: VS LC − 4
LC: PRF LC: PRF
6 WILKES – IV 0 Absent Arthrocentesis UC − 4 WILKES – V 0 Absent Arthrocentesis UC − 4 33 mm
UC: VS LC − 4 UC: VS LC − 4
LC: PRF LC: PRF
7 WILKES – V 1 Present Arthrocentesis UC − 6 WILKES – V 3 Absent Arthrocentesis UC − 6 33 mm
DDwR UC: VS LC − 6 DDwoR-With limited opening UC: VS LC − 6
LC: VS LC: VS
8 WILKES – III 3 Absent Arthrocentesis UC − 4 WILKES – I 0 Present UC: VS UC − 4 33 mm
UC: VS LC − 4 DDwR LC: VS LC − 4
LC: VS
9 WILKES – IV 3 Absent Arthrocentesis UC − 4 WILKES –III 2 Absent Arthrocentesis UC − 4 38 mm
DDwoR-without limited opening UC: VS LC − 4 DDwoR-without limited opening UC: VS LC − 4
LC: PRF LC: PRF
10 WILKES – IV 1 Present Arthrocentesis UC − 4 WILKES – V 3 Absent DDwoR-with limited opening Arthrocentesis UC − 4 34 mm
DDwR UC: VS LC − 4 UC: VS LC − 4
LC: PRF LC: PRF
11 WILKES – V 2 Ausente Arthrocentesis UC − 6 WILKES – V 3 Absent Arthrocentesis UC − 6 33 mm
DDwoR-without limited opening UC: VS LC − 6 DDCR-without limited opening UC: VS LC − 6
LC: VS LC: VS
12 WILKES – IV 3 Absent Arthrocentesis UC − 4 WILKES – IV 1 Absent Arthrocentesis UC − 4 36 mm
DDwoR-with limited opening UC: VS LC − 4 DDwoR-without limited opening UC: VS LC − 4
LC: PRF LC: PRF
13 WILKES – V 3 Absent Arthrocentesis UC − 6 WILKES – IV 3 Absent Arthrocentesis UC − 6 38 mm
DDwoR-without limited opening UC: PRF LC − 6 DDwoR-without limited opening UC: VS LC − 6
LC: PRF LC: VS
14 WILKES – IV 3 Absent Arthrocentesis UC − 4 WILKES – IV 3 Absent Arthrocentesis UC − 4 35 mm
DDwoR-without limited opening UC: VS LC − 4 DD with intermittent locking UC: VS LC − 4
LC: VS LC: VS
15 WILKES – II 3 Present Arthrocentesis UC − 4 WILKES – II 2 Absent UC: VS UC − 4 40 mm
DDwoR UC: VS LC -4 DD with intermittent locking LC: VS LC -4
LC: VS
16 WILKES – III 1 Absent Arthrocentesis UC − 6 WILKES – V 3 Present Arthrocentesis UC − 6 36 mm
DDwoR-without limited opening UC: VS LC − 6 DDwR UC: VS LC − 6
LC: PRF LC: PRF
17 WILKES – III 0 Absent Arthrocentesis UC − 4 WILKES – IV 2 Absent Arthrocentesis UC − 4 38 mm
DDwoR-Without limited opening UC: VS LC − 4 DDwoR-With limited opening UC: VS LC − 4
LC: VS LC: VS
18 WILKES – III 3 Absent Arthrocentesis UC − 4 WILKES – III 0 Present Arthrocentesis UC − 4 38 mm
DDwoR-with limited opening UC: VS LC − 4 DDwR UC: VS LC − 4
LC: VS LC: VS
19 WILKES – IV 3 Absent Arthrocentesis UC − 6 WILKES – II 0 Present Arthrocentesis UC − 6 38 mm
DDwoR-with limited opening UC: VS LC − 6 DDwR UC: VS LC − 6
LC: VS LC: VS
20 WILKES – IV 3 Absent Arthrocentesis UC − 6 WILKES – IV 3 Absent Arthrocentesis UC − 6 41 mm
DDwoR-without limited opening UC: VS LC − 6 DDwoR-without limited opening UC: VS LC − 6
LC: VS LC: VS
21 WILKES – V 3 Absent Arthrocentesis UC − 6 WILKES – V 3 Absent Arthrocentesis UC − 6 38 mm
DDwoR-without limited opening UC: VS LC − 6 DDwoR-without limited opening UC: VS LC − 6
LC: PRF LC: PRF
22 WILKES – V 0 Present/Crackling/DDwoR-with limited opening Arthrocentesis UC − 4 WILKES – IV 0 Present/crackling/DDwoR-with limited opening Arthrocentesis UC − 4 34 mm
UC: VS LC − 4 UC: VS LC − 4
LC: VS LC: VS

UC upper compartment, LC lower compartment, VS viscosupplementation, PRF Plasma rich in fibrin, DDwR disk displacement with reduction, DDWoR disk displacement without reduction.