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. 2025 Jul 28;9:52. [Version 1] doi: 10.12688/gatesopenres.16357.1

Table 2. Barriers and facilitators affecting men’s ART (re-)initiation and retention on ART in Malawi.

No Theme Barrier/Facilitator Description
1 Autonomy Facilitator Men want to be engaged in and have ownership over their HIV care
2 Masculinity Barrier Expectations, norms and roles influence men’s decisions about starting treatment, disclosing their status and remaining in care
3 Men as economic Pillars/competing interests Barrier Men see themselves as economic pillars, they want to see the value of ART in their income-generating activities
4 Good health Facilitator Men want to have good health to maintain their strong physical appearance and reputations in the community
5 Gendered service provision/preferred gender matching service provider Barrier/Facilitator Men are less familiar with health systems/Men would use the services if provided by HCWs of their own gender
6 Good health Limited ART knowledge/Side effects Barrier Knowledge gaps on TASP, side effects and flexibility about taking ART
7 Social support/guardian support Facilitator Men perform better on treatment if they have a role model, and support, especially from a fellow man
8 Self-compassion Facilitator Clients who have self-compassion are likely to have better adjustment to treatment, less stress, positive health seeking attitudes, and are more likely to disclose status and practice safe sex