Table 1.
Epidemiological characteristics of acute myocardial infarction complicated by ventricular septal rupture before and after the implementation of emergency percutaneous coronary intervention, n (%)
|
Research object
|
Research center/country
|
Type of study population
|
AMI cases (n)
|
VSR incidence
|
Gender (male:female)
|
Implementation status of acute PCI
|
Year
|
Ref.
|
| GUSTO Trial | International multicenter (Europe and United States) | AMI patients primarily receiving thrombolytic therapy | 36303 | 798 (2.2) | 1:1.2 | Thrombolysis as the primary approach | 1993 | [84] |
| PAMI-1 and PAMI-2 | Multicenter (America) | AMI patients | 1295 | 4 (0.31) | - | PCI | 1995 | [85-87] |
| SHOCK Research | International multicenter (Europe and United States) | Patients with cardiogenic shock complicated by VSR after MI | 939 | 55 (5.86) | - | Thrombolysis combined with IABP, partial PCI | 1999-2006 | [88] |
| MOODY Registered Study | China (multicenter) | AMI | 9265 | 52 (0.56) | 0.625:1 | Thrombolysis combined with IABP, partial PCI | 1999-2016 | [89] |
| - | International multicenter | STEMI, NSTEMI | 9126362 | 10344 (0.11) | 0.71:1 | Thrombolysis combined with IABP, partial PCI | 2003-2015 | [9] |
| Huazhong Fuwai Cardiovascular Hospital | China (single centre) | VSR with percutaneous closure | - | 81 | 0.72:1 | PCI and Percutaneous Septal Closure | 2013-2020 | [90] |
| Huazhong Fuwai Cardiovascular Hospital | China (single centre) | PIVSR patients | - | 213 | 0.95:1 | PCI | 2018-2023 | [91] |
| CAUTION study(NCT03848429) | International multicenter | Post-infarction MCs | - | 720 | 1.46:1 | Thrombolysis combined with IABP, partial PCI | 2001-2019 | [92] |
| Narayana Institute of Cardiac Sciences, India | India (single centre) | Patients diagnosed with post-AMI VSR and who underwent surgical closure of VSR by double patch technique | - | 77 | 2.67:1 | Thrombolysis combined with IABP, partial PCI | 2002-2022 | [93] |
| Karachi Tabba Heart Institute, Department of Clinical Research in Cardiology | Pakistan (multicenter) | AMI-VSR | 11428 | 67 (0.6) | 1.68:1 | PCI | 2011-2020 | [94] |
| First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University | China (single centre) | AMI-VSR | 5395 | 42 (0.78) | - | PCI | 2016-2020 | [95] |
| Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University | China (single centre) | AMI-VSR | - | 180 | 0.94:1 | PCI | 2016-2023 | [25] |
| Coronary Heart Disease Center, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College | China (single centre) | AMI-VSR | 12354 | 70 (0.57) | 0.89:1 | Thrombolysis combined with IABP, partial PCI | 2002-2010 | [96] |
| Peking University People's Hospital Research | China (single centre) | STEMI | 2057 | 16 (0.7) | 1:1 | 11 cases of coronary angiography | 1990-2004 | [97] |
| - | China (multicenter) | AMI-VSR | - | 127 | 1.12:1 | 61.4% drug therapy, 24.4% TCC, 14.2% surgical intervention | 2012-2019 | [98] |
| Shenyang Northern Theater General Hospital | China (single centre) | AMI-VSR | - | 45 | 1.25:1 | Surgery, IABP/ECMO | 2012-2021 | [99] |
| Cairo University | Egypt (single centre) | PIVSR | - | 32 | 1:1 | PCI | 2015-2023 | [100] |
| Nanjing First Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing Medical University | China (single centre) | AMI-VSR | - | 50 | 0.63:1 | PCI | 2012-2021 | [101] |
| National University of Singapore research | Singapore (single centre) | Analysis of Pathological Characteristics of VSR in Asian Populations | - | 40 | 1.2:1 | Histopathology combined with immunohistochemistry | 2010-2020 | [102] |
| A tertiary care center in South India | South India (single centre) | Patients undergoing TCC | - | 21 | 2.5:1 | PCI + TCC | 2000-2014 | [103] |
| Cleveland clinic | United States (single centre) | AMI-VSR | - | 38 | 1.375:1 | PCI + Ventricular septal repair | 1976-2023 | [104] |
AMI-VSR: Acute myocardial infarction complicated by ventricular septal rupture; PCI: Percutaneous coronary intervention; IABP: Intra-aortic balloon pump; STEMI: ST - elevation myocardial infarction; NSTEMI: Non ST - elevation myocardial infarction; TCC: Transcatheter Closure; ECMO: Extraciroireal membrane oxygenation.