Table 1.
Studies on predictors of cardiac decompensation in patients with cirrhosis post-transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt study design data
|
Ref.
|
Year
|
Type
|
Design
|
Setting
|
Population
|
Sample (n)
|
Predictors
|
Outcomes
|
Follow up (months)
|
| Ali et al[10] | 2022 | J | Retrospective cohort | Single centre (United States) | Patients with cirrhosis for TIPS | 107 | TTE: RA size, LV dimensions, PASP | Significant HF, mortality | 3 |
| Alla et al[40] | 2021 | CA | Retrospective cohort | Single centre (India) | Patients with cirrhosis for TIPS | 164 | TTE: RAP, EF, E/e’; HVPG; NT-proBNP; MELD; CTP | Significant HF, mortality | 24 |
| Billey et al[9] | 2019 | J | Prospective cohort | Single centre (France) | Patients with cirrhosis for TIPS | 100 | TTE: E/A > 1.5, E/e’ > 10, LAVI > 34 mL/m2, AS; BNP > 40 pg/mL; NT-proBNP > 125 pg/mL; QTc > 440 milliseconds | Significant HF | 12 |
| Filì et al[43] | 2015 | J | Prospective physiological | Single centre (Italy) | Patients with cirrhosis for TIPS | 15 | TTE: LV dimensions, IVS, LVEF, LAD, E/A, DT, PASP; RHC: PASP, mPAP, pADP, PCWP, TPG, CO, PVS, SVR; NT-proBNP; QTc > 440 milliseconds | Haemodynamic changes, significant HF | 1 |
| Laurenzano et al[39] | 2024 | J | Retrospective cohort | Dual centre (United States) | Patients with cirrhosis for TIPS | 360 | TTE: LAVI, E/e’, TR max, septal e, lateral e, LVEF; Intraprocedural RA pressure | Significant HF, hospitalisation, mortality | 24 |
| Luo et al[44] | 2024 | CA | Retrospective cohort | Single centre (China) | Patients with cirrhosis for TIPS | 140 | TTE: LVEF, E/A, LAVI, Septal e’, lateral e’, E/e’, pro-BNP | Significant HF, mortality | 6 |
| Modha et al[45] | 2018 | J | Retrospective case-control | Single centre (United States) | Patients with cirrhosis for TIPS | 481 | Age; RA pressure, portal vein pressure | Significant HF, mortality | 1 |
| Nguyen et al[47] | 2022 | CA | Retrospective cohort | Single centre (United States) | Patients with cirrhosis for TIPS | 249 | MELD-Na; PMHx: IHD, CVA/TIA, HFpEF | Significant HF | 6 |
| Schneider et al[11] | 2023 | J | Retrospective cohort | Single centre (Germany) | Patients with cirrhosis for TIPS | 234 | DD (ASE/EACVI), pathological E/A, HanDeCT algorithm | Significant HF | 12 |
| Vanderschueren et al[41] | 2024 | J | Retrospective cohort | Single centre (Belgium) | Patients with cirrhosis for TIPS | 106 | TTE: LAVI; Age; Albumin; NT-proBNP; Toulouse algorithm | Significant HF, mortality | 12 |
| Venner et al[46] | 2025 | J | Retrospective cohort | Single centre (Netherlands) | Patients with cirrhosis for TIPS | 52 | H2FPEF score, LA strain, HDF, QTc, E/e’ ratio, RWT | Significant HF | 6 |
| Debernardi Venon et al[49] | 2021 | J | Retrospective cohort | Single centre (Italy) | Patients with cirrhosis for TIPS | 63 | LV diastolic dimensions, EACI/ASE DD: LA diameter, LVEF, TAPSE, E/A ratio, e’, mPAP, CVP, NT-proBNP, PRA | LV DD incidence, TIPS response, mortality | 12 |
| Wade et al[48] | 2021 | CA | Retrospective cohort | Single centre (United States) | Patients with cirrhosis for TIPS | 36 | MELD-Na, bilirubin, INR, TTE parameters (atrial dimensions and pressures) | Significant HF | 12 |
882 patients met inclusion criteria, only 48 were included in the final analysis.
J: Journal article; CA: Conference abstract; TIPS: Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt; TTE: Transthoracic echocardiography; RA: Right atrial; LV: Left ventricular; PASP: Pulmonary artery systolic pressure; RAP: Right atrial pressure; HF: Heart failure; EF: Ejection fraction; E/e’: Estimate of left ventricular filling pressures; HVPG: Hepatic venous pressure gradient; NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; MELD: Model for end-stage liver disease; CTP: Child-Turcotte-Pugh score; E/A: Early to late mitral inflow velocity ratio; LAVI: Left atrial volume index; AS: Aortic stenosis; QTc: Corrected QT interval (> 440 milliseconds considered prolonged); IVS: Interventricular septum; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; LAD: Left atrial diameter; DT: Deceleration time; RHC: Right heart catheterisation; mPAP: Mean pulmonary artery pressure; pADP: Pulmonary artery diastolic pressure; PCWP: Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure; TPG: Transpulmonary gradient; CO: Cardiac output; PVS: Pulmonary vascular resistance; SVR: Systemic vascular resistance; MELD-Na: Model for end-stage liver disease incorporating serum sodium; PMHx: Past medical history; IHD: Ischaemic heart disease; CVA/TIA: Cerebrovascular accident/transient ischaemic attack; HFpEF: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; DD: Diastolic dysfunction; ASE/EACVI: American Society of Echocardiography/European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging guidelines; HanDeCT: Diagnostic algorithm for haemodynamic decompensation post-transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt; H2FPEF: Scoring tool to predict heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; RWT: Relative wall thickness; PRA: plasma renin activity; LA strain: Measure of left atrial deformation.