Table 4.

Summary of significant transthoracic echocardiography findings, by study

Ref.	E/A ratio	E/e’ ratio	RA size (cm)	RA pressure (mmHg)	LAVI (mL/m²)	Smaller LA volume (mL)
Ali et al[10]			5.5 ± 4.9 [OR: 3.26 (1.22-10.16), P = 0.03]
Alla et al[40]	1.8 ± 0.9 [OR = 4.2 (3.9-12.3), P = 0.005]	13 ± 5 [OR = 5.6 (3.0-23.4), P = 0.003]		8 ± 3, OR = 5.7 (3.4-14.5), P-absent
Billey et al[9]	> 1.5 [OR = 6.2 (1.7-21.4), P < 0.001]	> 10 (OR = 6.7 (1.8-24.5), P < 0.001)			> 34 mL/m2 [OR = (1.2-13.6), P = 0.031]
Modha et al[45]				10.5 vs 6.6, P = 0.039
Schneider et al[11]	< 0.8/> 2, HR = 2.21 (1.17-4.16), P = 0.015
Venner et al[46]		11.4 vs 9.5 [OR = 1.06 (1.00-1.11), P = 0.04]
Wade et al[48]						46.5 vs 67.8 (P = 0.020)

E/A ratio: Early to late mitral inflow velocity ratio; E/e’ ratio: Mitral inflow velocity to early diastolic annular velocity ratio; RA: Right atrial; LAVI: Left atrial volume index; LA: Left atrial; HR: Hazard ratio; OR: Odds ratio.