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. 2025 Jul 28;25:296. doi: 10.1186/s12880-025-01846-3

Table 1.

Patient characteristics

Characteristics S0-1 (n = 48) S2 (n = 37) S3 (n = 32) S4 (n = 29) P-value
Age (y) 33.3 ± 13.1 33.5 ± 10.1 36.7 ± 6.9 46.5 ± 12.4 < 0.001**
Sex(male/female) 20/28 22/15 19/13 18/11 < 0.001**
BMI (kg/m2) 20.7 ± 2.5 22.5 ± 2.8 21.7 ± 3.5 21.8 ± 2.9 < 0.001**
PLT (109/L) 180.7 ± 59.6 161.5 ± 48.7 144.0 ± 45.1 96.9 ± 46.1 < 0.001**
TB (µmol/L) 9.8 ± 4.5 10.2 ± 3.6 10.6 ± 3.3 14.5 ± 5.7 < 0.001**
ALT (IU/L) 27.2 ± 19.0 32.8 ± 18.8 39.2 ± 18.9 44.9 ± 30.9 0.12
AST (IU/L) 23.2 ± 8.1 25.3 ± 9.0 29.1 ± 5.8 57.3 ± 49.8 < 0.001**
GGT (IU/L) 16.6 ± 9.5 19.9 ± 12.5 22.4 ± 7.1 82.3 ± 117.8 < 0.001**
ALB (g/L) 41.4 ± 2.9 40.1 ± 7.5 40.3 ± 2.8 36.9 ± 4.2 0.004**
HA (µg/L) 75.0 (56.9–88.8) 56.0 (44.2–95.3) 28.3 (4.03–84.3) 102.7 (68.5–188.3) < 0.001**
Chol (mg/dL) 3.8 ± 0.9 3.7 ± 0.9 3.6 ± 0.4 3.5 ± 0.7 0.442
PT (sec) 12.0 ± 0.95 12.6 ± 0.81 12.6 ± 0.88 13.7 ± 1.33 0.063
PI (%) 0.93 ± 0.07 0.97 ± 0.08 1.02 ± 0.13 0.92 ± 0.14 0.004**
α2-M 8.6 ± 1.5 7.6 ± 1.4 8.2 ± 1.7 8.1 ± 1.2 0.047*
Urea (mmol/L) 4.1 ± 1.0 4.2 ± 1.4 4.5 ± 1.2 4.4 ± 1.3 0.492

BMI = body mass index, ALT = alanine aminotransferase, AST = aspartate aminotransferase, PLT = Platelet, TB = total bilirubin, GGT = gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, ALB = albumin, HA = hyaluronic acid, Chol = cholesterol, PI = prothrombin index, α2-M = α2-macroglobulin