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. 2025 Jul 28;25:985. doi: 10.1186/s12913-025-13172-z

Table 2.

Reliability analysis and factor analysis test

Latent Variable Indicator FL AVE
(> 0.50)
CR
(> 0.70)
Cronbach’s Alpha

RE

Mean = 3.32

SD = 0.836

Discriminant Validity Assessment = 0.757

Re4 0.908 0.78 0.86 0.93
Re3 0.891
Re2 0.920
Re1 0.808

A

Mean = 3.883

SD = 0.736

Discriminant Validity Assessment = 0.759

A4 0.775 0.63 0.82 0.88
A3 0.854
A2 0.759
A1 0.773

E

Mean = 3.854

SD = 0 0.758

Discriminant Validity Assessment = 0.779

E4 0.799 0.54 0.78 0.82
E2 0.747
E3 0.551
E1 0.825

T

Mean = 4.102

SD = 0.682

Discriminant Validity Assessment = 0.771

T4 0.704 0.66 0.81 0.88
T3 0.818
T2 0.864
T1 0.843

R

Mean = 3.988

SD = 0.705

Discriminant Validity Assessment = 0.744

R4 0.836 0.71 0.79 0.86
R3 0.865
R2 0.828
R1 0.854

PE

Mean = 3.854

SD = 0.665

Discriminant Validity Assessment = 0.781

PE1 0.859 0.65 0.88 0.92
PE2 0.837
PE3 0.685
PE4 0.839

PS

Mean = 3.852

SD = 0.722

Discriminant Validity Assessment = 0.751

PS1 0.644 0.50 0.74 0.77
PS2 0.699
PS3 0.661
PS4 0.634

FL Factor Loading, FLS Factor Loading Squared, AVE Average Variance Extracted, CR Composite Reliability, R Responsiveness, A Assurance, E Empathy, T Tangibility, RE Reliability, PE Patient Experience, and PS Patient satisfaction