Table 3.
Descriptive characteristics of the studies are included in the review
| Author& Country | Study Aims and Objective | Data collection Period | Study participants (Children/Adolescents) | Sample size (Gender, n / %) | Age (years) Range/Mean/ Median | Study design | Quality assessment (NOS quality and JB Quality Score) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zhou, S.J et al. [24] (2020) China | Explore the prevalence of psychological consequences, including anxiety and depression, among junior and senior-grade adolescents in China who were affected by the COVID-19 outbreak. | March 8 to 15, 2020 | Adolescent | 8079 (M = 3753 and F = 4326) | 12 to 18 | Cross-sectional study & online survey, Self-reported & Nonprobability, convenience sampling | 4 |
| Huang et al. et al, [29] (2022) China | Investigate the impact of mental health in Chinese adolescents by COVID-19 and assess depression and anxiety. | March 2022 | adolescents | 3184( M = 1502 and F = 1682) | 6 to 19 | Observational study &Multicenter cross-sectional comparative survey | 3 |
| Papadopoulos, [39] (2023) Greece | The current research sought to explore the effect of the COVID 19 on mental health and associated factors among primary caregivers of children in Greece. | NR | children and adolescents | 156 (parents) | 4 to 12 | Cross-sectional study & convenience sample | 4 |
| Winnie W. Y. Tso et al. [22] (2020) Hong Kong | The research sought to identify elements that might improve psychological well-being in families during the COVID-19 outbreak. | March 2020. | children and adolescents | 29,202 families, 12,163 children 2–5 yrs. & 17,029 aged 6–12 years (M-14,970 and F-14,140) | 2 to 12 | cross-sectional Online survey, convenience sample | 4 |
| Oosterhoff, B et al., [40] (2020) United States | Examine the justifications that adolescents provide for socially distancing from their contemporaries, as well as the connections between these reasons and the adolescents’ reported levels of social distance, their mental health, and their social health. | March 29th and 30th, 2020 | Adolescent | 683 (F-75.3%, M- 22.7% and Non-binary-4.9%) | 13 and 18 years | Cross-sectional, online survey, recruited using social media. | 3 |
| Yang et al. [25] (2021) et al., China | The study’s goal is to analyze the attitude, knowledge, and anxiety of Chinese colleges towards COVID-19 based on a questionnaires’ approach. | February 2020 and August 2020 | Adolescent | 566 (male = 236 and female = 330) | 18> | A structured questionnaire method and survey | 3 |
| Bai et al. [30] (2023), China | The study sought to determine the state of mental health in children by determining the factors of maltreatment and parental conflicts that arise due to lockdown. | April 21 to April 28 2020 | Children & Adolescent | 1286 (M-544 and F-645) | 0 to 10 | cross-sectional, online survey, convenience sampling | 4 |
| Magklara, K et al., (2022) [65] Greece | To explore the effects of the pandemic and the lockdown on the psychological health of children and adolescents in Greece. | March and May 2020 | children and adolescents | 1269 (M-676 and F-593) | < 13 to ≥ 13 | Cross-sectional, online survey, convenience sampling | 4 |
| Zhang, Z et al. [26] (2020) China | Conduct a web-based questionnaire during the COVID-19 pandemic to learn more about the mental health of high school students in Shandong Province. | May 1–7, 2020 | children and adolescents | 1,018 | < 16 | Cross-sectional, online survey, convenience sampling | 3 |
| Zhang, C et al. [31] (2020) China | The investigation intends to conduct an online survey to assess high school students’ psychological condition during the COVID-19 pandemic. | April 7–24, 2020 | Adolescent | 1025 (M-528 and F-497) | 15.56 (1.89) | Cross-sectional online survey, convenience sampling | 3 |
| Majeed, S. and Ashraf, M, [23] (2020) Pakistan | This study’s purpose was to address the missing literature and discuss the psychological consequences of social distance for adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, especially in metropolitan places like Lahore, Pakistan. | April 20 to May 10, 2020 | Adolescent | 63 (M-31 and F-32) | 13 to 17 | Cross-sectional online survey, convenience sampling | 3 |
| Orgilés, M et al., [28] (2020) Italy and Spain | The study aims to investigate the psychological responses of children and adolescents in the two countries most affected by COVID-19, Italy and Spain. | NR | children and adolescents | 1,143 (parents) | 3 to 18 | NR | 3 |
| Segado et al., [38] (2023) Spain | This study intends to investigate the attitude, habit, and anxiety of young people in Spain mainly in their free time, and leisure time. | 2021–2022 | Adolescent | 2020 = 13,498, 2021 = 26, 800, 2020 = 15,126 (Not specified) | 16< | Quantitative design of study analysis using secondary data sources. | 3 |
| Çoban&Kaptan,, [33] (2022) Turkey | The research was designed to investigate behavioral alterations, physical, and psychological changes in children due to COVID-19 outbreak and the parental perception. | NR | children | 975 (Male 417 and Female 424) | 3–18 | A qualitative survey model study | 4 |
| Pathan et al. [27] (2023) Bangladesh | The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of COVID-19 on the psychological wellness of people in Bangladesh during confinement. | NR | Adolescent | 512 (Not specified) | 18< | A cross-sectional study. | 4 |
| MireiaOrgilés et al., [42] (2022) Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese | The study aims to investigate the prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms in study subjects and identify the variables associated with it in three (Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese) countries. | NR | children | 624 (M- 8.94, F-294) | 3 to 18 | A longitudinal study | 3 |
| Vallejo Slocker, L et al., [36] (2020) Spain | The purpose of this research is to characterize the psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on children and adolescents and compare the findings to previous statistical data and some other investigations to detect variances. | May, 2020 | children and adolescents | 459 (M-=236 and F-223) | 8 to 18 | Survey online survey, convenience sampling | 3 |
| Vicario-Molina et al. [34] (2023) Spain | The purpose of the research was to investigate the mental health of youth during the first COVID 19 lockdown in Spain. | March, April, May 2020 | Adolescent | 1205 (M-301 and F-904) | 18 to 24 | online survey & Non-probability virtual snowball sampling | 4 |
| Amorós-Reche et al., [32] (2022) Spain | This study aims to investigate the emotional problems of children and adolescents during COVID-19 in SPAIN and to examine the impact of family variables on their emotional problems. | March and July 2020 | Children and Adolescent | 71 to 2,292 | 0 and 18 | descriptive, correlational and cross-sectional design online survey, Quantitative, qualitative, or multimodal designs | 4 |
| Bosch et al. [35] (2022) Spain | The purpose of this research was to explore the psychological impact of COVID-19 lock down on children and adolescents and analyzing the behavioral problems in them before and after lockdown. | May 26 to June 15, 2020 | children and adolescents | 552 (M-217 and F-335) | 6–17 | cross-sectional online survey, convenience sampling | 3 |
| Lai et al. [37] (2024) China | The goal of this research was to investigate the relationship between COVID 19 in mental health of Chinese adolescents and coping strategy. | NR | Adolescent | 4579 (M-2064 and F-2515) | 12–18 | cross-sectional online survey, convenience sampling | 4 |