Table 2.

The distribution of chronic pain by sociodemographic and work-related characteristics

Variable	Category	Chronic pain		χ 2	P value
		Yes (n = 10,890)	No (n = 122,020)
Sex	Male	529 (6.1%)	8,137 (93.9%)	53.792	<0.001
	Female	10,361 (8.3%)	113,883 (91.7%)
Age (years)	≤ 30	2,152 (4.4%)	46,558 (95.6%)	1945.118	<0.001
	30–40	5,812 (9.2%)	57,509 (90.8%)
	> 40	2,926 (14.0%)	17,953 (86.0%)
Ethnicity	Han	9,980 (8.1%)	113,315 (91.9%)	22.254	<0.001
	Others	910 (9.5%)	8,705 (90.5%)
Education level	Associate degree or below	1,038 (8.9%)	10,639 (91.1%)	14.734	0.001
	Bachelor’s degree	9,459 (8.2%)	106,317 (91.8%)
	Master’s degree or above	393 (7.2%)	5,064 (92.8%)
Marital status	Married or cohabitating	8,525 (9.3%)	83,092 (90.7%)	888.706	<0.001
	Separated, widowed, or divorced	493 (14.9%)	2,808 (85.1%)
	Never married	1,872 (4.9%)	36,120 (95.1%)
BMI (kg/m2)	< 18.5	793 (6.0%)	12,431 (94.0%)	290.821	<0.001
	18.5–23.9	7,187 (7.9%)	84,330 (92.1%)
	24-27.9	2,341 (10.0%)	21,082 (90.0%)
	≥ 28	569 (12.0%)	4,177 (88.0%)
Professional title	Junior	4,113 (6.0%)	64,480 (94.0%)	919.674	<0.001
	Mid-level	6,041 (10.4%)	51,911 (89.6%)
	Senior	736 (11.6%)	5,629 (88.4%)
Weekly working hours	< 40	2,566 (7.7%)	30,579 (92.3%)	116.604	<0.001
	40–48	6,343 (7.9%)	73,893 (92.1%)
	> 48	1,981 (10.1%)	17,548 (89.9%)
Years of working	≤ 10	3,779 (5.4%)	66,285 (94.6%)	1869.928	<0.001
	11–20	4,726 (10.2%)	41,807 (89.8%)
	21–30	1,685 (14.3%)	10,097 (85.7%)
	> 30	700 (15.4%)	3,831 (84.6%)
Type of work	Direct patient care	10,106 (8.1%)	114,663 (91.9%)	23.798	<0.001
	Non-direct patient care	784 (9.6%)	7,357 (90.4%)
Night shift	No	3,537 (9.6%)	33,438 (90.4%)	128.266	<0.001
	Yes	7,353 (7.7%)	88,582 (92.3%)
Exercise habit	No	4,939 (9.0%)	49,989 (91.0%)	79.305	<0.001
	Yes	5,951 (7.6%)	72,031 (92.4%)

BMI: Body Mass Index