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. 2025 Jul 28;24:979. doi: 10.1186/s12912-025-03605-9

Table 3.

Binary logistic regression analysis of associated factors with chronic pain

Variable OR (95% CI) P value
Sex Male 1
Female 1.10 [1.00, 1.21] 0.048
Age (years) ≤ 30 1
31–40 1.83 [1.71, 1.96] < 0.001
> 40 3.01 [2.77, 3.27] < 0.001
Ethnicity Han 1
Others 1.17 [1.09, 1.25] < 0.001
Education level Master’s degree or above 1
Bachelor’s degree 1.21 [1.09, 1.35] < 0.001
Associate degree or below 1.36 [1.20, 1.55] < 0.001
Marital status Never married 1
Separated, widowed, or divorced 1.64 [1.46, 1.84] < 0.001
Married or cohabitating 1.10 [1.03, 1.17] 0.005
BMI (kg/m2) < 18.5 1
18.5–23.9 1.06 [0.99, 1.15] 0.116
24-27.9 1.27 [1.16, 1.38] < 0.001
≥ 28 1.59 [1.42, 1.79] < 0.001
Professional title Junior 1
Mid-level 1.17 [1.11, 1.23] < 0.001
Senior 1.02 [0.92, 1.13] 0.705
Weekly working hours < 40 1
40–48 1.01 [0.96, 1.06] 0.836
> 48 1.32 [1.24, 1.41] < 0.001
Type of work Non-direct patient care 1
Direct patient care 1.02 [0.94, 1.11] 0.636
Night shift No 1
Yes 1.08 [1.03, 1.14] 0.003
Exercise habit Yes 1
No 1.21 [1.16, 1.26] < 0.001

BMI: Body Mass Index; OR = odds ratio, 95% CI = 95% confidence interval