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. 2025 Jul 25;15(7):e101187. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2025-101187

Table 2. Hierarchical regression results for LCI-5 basic subscores.

LCI-5 basic
Model 1 Model 2 Model 3 Model 4
B β B β B β B β
(Constant) 19.84** 19.07** 18.99** 19.65**
Age −0.02 −0.022 −0.055 −0.06 0.01 0.006 0.05 0.049
Sex (female) −0.62* −0.151 −0.616 −0.15* −0.72* −0.176 −0.79* −0.194
Cause (ref: trauma)
 Dysvascular −1.19** −0.191 −1.093 −0.18** −0.96* −0.153 −0.79 −0.127
 Congenital 0.33 0.059 0.256 0.047 0.27 0.050 0.32 0.059
Phantom pain 0.071 0.027 0.12 0.044 0.10 0.039
Prosthetic use 0.010 0.132* 0.01* 0.153 0.01* 0.170
Prosthesis (above-knee) −0.373 −0.129 −0.33 −0.114 −0.28 −0.098
Income −0.07 −0.099 −0.09 −0.134
Education 0.05 0.041 0.00 0.004
Residence (rural) 0.02 0.007 0.01 0.004
Marital status (ref: married)
 Single 0.06 0.014 0.16 0.037
 Divorced −0.42 −0.051 −0.44 −0.054
 Widowed 0.14 0.017 0.21 0.026
Employment (ref: employee)
 Housewife 0.11 0.019 0.13 0.023
 Business owner −0.26 −0.097 −0.13 −0.047
 Unemployed −0.78* −0.204 −0.71* −0.185
 Student −0.34 −0.028 −0.52 −0.042
PTSD 0.20** 0.242
K10 −0.07** −0.252
R2 0.06 0.097 0.13 0.184
F 3.65** 3.302** 1.8* 2.39**
∆R2 0.06 0.034 0.033 0.053
∆F 3.65** 2.73* 0.77 6.58**

*p<0.05; **p<0.001.

LCI-5, Locomotor Capabilities Index 5; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder.