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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Jul 29.
Published in final edited form as: J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2023 Sep 1;44(7):e476–e485. doi: 10.1097/DBP.0000000000001201

Table 2.

Group means and standard deviations for each subtest or subdomain for the KS group and TD group.

KS
mean (SD)
TD
mean (SD)

Cognition (WISC-V) N = 47 N = 55

Visual Spatial Index 101.39 (15.41) 106.19 (11.47)
Fluid Reasoning Index 97.55 (14.45) 107.63 (13.64)
Working Memory Index 92.94 (15.11) 104.31 (12.11)
Processing Speed Index 93.60 (16.73) 94.00 (18.06)
Verbal Comprehension Index 94.00 (12.53) 110.13 (12.99)
Full Scale IQ (FSIQ) 94.74 (13.35) 107.67 (13.35)

Executive Function (BRIEF-2) N = 47 N = 51

Emotion Regulation 63.21 (13.25) 49.41 (9.32)
Behavior Regulation 58.02 (11.26) 47.90 (9.99)
Cognitive Regulation 64.19 (9.55) 50.67 (10.92)
Global Executive Composite 64.91 (10.79) 50.18 (10.48)

Academic Achievement (KTEA-3) N = 45 N = 54

Letter Word Identification 94.04 (15.02) 104.74 (10.93)
Math Computation 92.62 (13.75) 105.09 (16.50)
Spelling 88.53 (14.88) 101.07 (14.36)
Brief Achievement Composite 93.39 (17.48) 109.03 (12.87)

Adaptive Behavior (Vineland-3) N = 50 N = 53

Communication 86.82 (11.28) 102.94 (8.74)
Socialization 85.24 (11.95) 100.38 (9.81)
Daily Living Skills 89.00 (10.97) 100.26 (11.11)
Adaptive Behavior Composite 85.00 (10.19) 100.79 (9.97)

Quality of Life (PROMIS) N = 52 N = 55

Life Satisfaction 47.21 (7.70) 48.60 (7.74)
Physical Activity 47.67 (9.98) 51.00 (8.96)
Peer Relationships 45.15 (10.21) 50.15 (8.26)
Family Relationships 51.28 (10.57) 52.24 (8.90)
Global Health 48.20 (9.04) 49.56 (8.23)