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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Jul 29.
Published before final editing as: Clin Lung Cancer. 2025 Jun 12:S1525-7304(25)00136-6. doi: 10.1016/j.cllc.2025.06.006

Table 2.

Unadjusted Associations Between Predisposing, Enabling, and Need Factors and Odds of Lung Cancer Screening Discussion

Variable Name OR 95% CI P-Value
Enabling
Health insurance status
 Ref: has insurance - - -
 No insurance 0.52 (0.25-1.09) .08
Income
 Ref: less than $30,000 - - -
 $30,000-$59,999 1.66 (1.09-2.54) .02
 $60,000 or more 1.66 (1.05-2.65) .03
Employment status
 Ref: employed - - -
 Unemployed/other 0.68 (0.43-1.08) .10
 Retired 0.92 (0.60-1.40) .69
Primary care provider (PCP) status
 Ref: has a PCP - - -
 Lack of a PCP 0.41 (0.24-0.70) .00
Need
Age 1.01 (0.99-1.04) .37
Pack-year smoking history, pack-years Smoking status 1.00 (0.99-1.01) .79
 Ref: formerly smoked - - -
 Currently smoke 0.64 (0.34-1.20) .17
Predisposing
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) diagnosis 2.62 (1.63-4.19) .00
Number of chronic diseases 1.03 (0.95-1.12) .49
Family history of lung cancer
 Ref: no family history - - -
 At least one first degree relative 1.56 (0.96-2.55) .08
 At least one second degree relative 0.87 (0.51-1.49) .61
Gender
 Ref: Men - - -
 Women 0.44 (0.30-0.63) .00
Race/Ethnicity
 Ref: White American - - -
 Black/African American 1.05 (0.73-1.51) .81
 Asian/Hispanic/Latino/Multiple Ethnicities 0.45 (0.15-1.40) .17
Education level
 Ref: High School Equivalent or Less - - -
 Some college or associates 1.25 (0.81-1.93) .31
 Bachelors 1.09 (0.61-1.92) .78
 Postgraduate 2.02 (0.91,4.47) .08
Marital status
 Ref: never married - - -
 Married 1.28 (0.78-2.10) .32
 No longer with spouse 1.04 (0.62-1.72) .89
U.S. census region
 Ref: South - - -
 All other regions (Northeast-Midwest, West) 1.08 (0.75-1.54) .69