. 2025 Jul 16;12:1596850. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1596850

Table 2.

Intervention-induced variations of respiratory variables in three treatment groups.

Variables	EDP group (n = 17)		rPMS group (n = 17)		Combined group (n = 16)		Intergroup p-value (Pre-intervention)	Intergroup p-value (post-intervention)
Variables	Pre-intervention	Post-intervention	Pre-intervention	Post-intervention	Pre-intervention	Post-intervention	Intergroup p-value (Pre-intervention)	Intergroup p-value (post-intervention)
FVC, l (mean±SD)	2.72 ± 0.59	2.92 ± 0.52^①	2.78 ± 0.55	3.54 ± 0.49^①	2.84 ± 0.63	3.99 ± 0.53^①ab	0.189	0.031
FEV1, l (mean±SD)	2.17 ± 0.55	2.49 ± 0.40^①	2.17 ± 0.54	2.99 ± 0.63^①a	2.28 ± 0.61	3.33 ± 0.67^①ab	0.130	<0.001
FEV1/FVC, % (mean±SD)	79.58 ± 6.33	84.77 ± 6.04	77.66 ± 4.69	83.38 ± 5.36	80.11 ± 5.92	87.88 ± 5.44	0.939	0.921
PEF, l/s (mean±SD)	4.10 ± 0.88	4.54 ± 0.86^①	4.55 ± 1.01	5.78 ± 0.89^①	4.29 ± 0.82	5.57 ± 0.72^①	0.573	0.389
MIP, cmH₂O (mean±SD)	21.22 ± 5.98	31.17 ± 4.23^①	23.07 ± 6.56	38.87 ± 5.92^①a	21.94 ± 6.93	42.52 ± 7.32^①ab	0.856	<0.001
MEP, cmH₂O (mean±SD)	26.37 ± 6.61	38.27 ± 5.24^①	28.40 ± 5.25	45.23 ± 5.71^①	34.63 ± 6.33	50.25 ± 6.31^①	0.128	0.119

FVC, forced vital capacity; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in one second; PEF, peak expiratory flow rate; MIP, maximum inspiratory pressure; MEP, maximum expiratory pressure; EDP, external diaphragm pacing; rPMS, repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation. ^① p < 0.05 vs. Pre-intervention; ^a p < 0.05 vs. EDP group; ^b p < 0.05 vs. rPMS group.