TABLE 5.

Factors influencing negative split feasibility in elite vs. recreational runners.

Category	Elite runners	Recreational runners
Aerobic capacity and running economy	High VO2max and efficient running economy	Lower VO2max, less efficient mechanics
Experience and discipline	Extensive racing experience and pacing discipline	Limited experience, prone to early overpacing
Race environment	Flat courses, pacemakers, feedback tools	Unpredictable conditions, limited real-time feedback
Training practices	Structured training with pacing strategies	Less structured, minimal pacing practice
Psychological readiness	Mental resilience, strategic patience	Overexcitement, goal misjudgment
External conditions	Usually optimized (weather, course)	Greater impact from heat, crowds, hills