TABLE 7.

Beneficial effects of green-synthesized metal nanoparticles in wound healing.

Beneficial effect	Mechanism & impact
Antimicrobial Properties	G-MNPs disrupt microbial cell walls, inhibit biofilm formation, and prevent infections (Shaikh et al., 2019)
Anti-Inflammatory Effects	Reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS), modulate cytokines, and suppress chronic inflammation (Al-Khattaf, 2021)
Enhanced Cell Proliferation & Tissue Regeneration	Stimulate fibroblast proliferation, angiogenesis, and collagen synthesis (Ahmed et al., 2016b)
Controlled Drug Release	Functionalized G-MNPs enable targeted and sustained delivery of therapeutic agents (Iravani et al., 2014)
Reduced Cytotoxicity & Environmental Impact	Use of biocompatible natural reducing agents lowers toxicity and environmental burden (Mittal et al., 2013)
Cost-Effectiveness and Sustainability	Plant/microbial-based synthesis methods offer low-cost, scalable, and green production (Iravani, 2011)
Smart Wound Care Applications	Responsive nanomaterials support real-time monitoring and personalized treatment (Kaushik et al., 2023)