Skip to main content
. 2025 Jun 9;48(4):644–658. doi: 10.1007/s10865-025-00578-7

Table 4.

Normative influence on COVID− 19 vaccination intentions among Democratic participants (N = 920)

Predictor b b
95% CI
[LL, UL]
ß Fit
Block 1
Constant 2.72** [2.30, 3.15]
Age 0.02*** [0.01, 0.03] 0.17
Female − 0.42** [− 0.66, − 0.17] − 0.11
Non-binary − 0.32 [− 1.12, 0.48] − 0.03
Other Gender 0.78 [− 0.11, 1.68] 0.06
Education Level 0.12** [0.05, 0.20] 0.11
R2 = 0.055***
95% CI[0.03,0.08]
Block 2
Constant 0.13 [− 0.37, 0.63]
Age 0.01** [0.00, 0.02] 0.09
Female − 0.32** [− 0.53, − 0.12] − 0.09
Non-binary − 0.41 [− 1.08, 0.26] − 0.03
Other Gender 0.44 [− 0.31, 1.18] 0.03
Education Level 0.05 [− 0.01, 0.12] 0.04
Descriptive Democrat norms 0.31*** [0.20, 0.43] 0.18
Descriptive Republican norms − 0.07 [− 0.17, 0.03] − 0.04
Injunctive Democrat norms 0.48*** [0.41, 0.55] 0.45
Injunctive Republican norms 0.01 [− 0.06, 0.08] 0.01
R2 = 0.350***
95% CI[0.30,0.39]

b,unstandardized regression coefficient; ß, standardized regression coefficient; CI, confidence interval; LL and UL indicate the lower and upper limits of a confidence interval, respectively.

*p < 0.05. **p < 0.01. ***p < 0.001.