Table 2.

Generative LLM performance domain, criteria, and grading scale

Domain	Criteria	Grading (1–100 scale)
Accuracy	Alignment with current clinical guidelines and standard practices	1 = Poor alignment, 100 = Excellent alignment
Hallucination	Frequency of unverifiable or false information	1 = Frequent hallucinations, 100 = No hallucinations
Specificity and relevance	Detail in response, relevance for patient’s own situation	1 = Vague/irrelevant, 100 = Highly specific/relevant
Empathy and understandability	Tone sensitivity to patients’ possible emotional state	1 = Insensitive/confusing, 100 = Empathetic/clear
Actionability	Practical steps and clarity in recommendations	1 = Unclear/no steps, 100 = Clear/practical steps