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. 2025 Jul 29;15:27604. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-12277-z

Table 3.

Terrain types and corresponding channel models.

Terrain type Characteristics Channel models
AWGN Additive white Gaussian noise, idealized channel with no fading or interference AWGN
Terrain C Flat regions with light tree density, minimal obstruction effects SUI-1, SUI-2
Terrain B Flat or moderately dense tree coverage SUI-3, SUI-4
Terrain A Hilly areas with moderate to heavy tree density SUI-5, SUI-6