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. 2025 Jul 11;12:100755. doi: 10.1016/j.apjon.2025.100755

Table 3.

Comparison of scores of MMHL, SSPPH among 3 latent profiles (Mean ​± ​SD).

Variables Negative attitudes-high independence group (C1) General attitudes group (C2) Positive attitudes-high affirmation group (C3) F P Post hoc
MMHL 2.94 ​± ​2.66 4.78 ​± ​4.29 10.41 ​± ​4.79 49.604 < 0.001 C1 ​< ​C2 ​< ​C3
Knowledge 1.16 ​± ​1.31 1.99 ​± ​2.05 4.71 ​± ​2.48 42.694 < 0.001 C1 ​< ​C2 ​< ​C3
Belief 1.78 ​± ​1.75 2.50 ​± ​2.04 4.86 ​± ​1.91 41.689 < 0.001 C1 ​< ​C2 ​< ​C3
Resource 0.00 ​± ​0.00 0.29 ​± ​1.01 0.84 ​± ​1.63 9.347 < 0.001 C1 ​< ​C2; C1 ​< ​C3
SSPPH 36.76 ​± ​3.95 32.52 ​± ​7.26 23.39 ​± ​5.76 99.352 < 0.001 C1 ​> ​C2 ​> ​C3
Self-stigma 18.97 ​± ​2.21 16.75 ​± ​3.82 11.71 ​± ​3.12 97.883 < 0.001 C1 ​> ​C2 ​> ​C3
Public stigma 17.79 ​± ​2.64 15.76 ​± ​4.04 11.69 ​± ​3.11 61.951 < 0.001 C1 ​> ​C2 ​> ​C3

MMHL, multicomponent mental health literacy; SSPPH, stigma for seeking professional psychological help; SD, standard deviation; Post hoc comparisons confirmed significant differences in mean scores between specific profiles.