Table 1.

Factors explored in SRT.

Factor	Impact on SRT	Citation
Age	Increased with age	Byeon and Koh (2016); Humbert et al. (2018); Kendall and Leonard (2001); Kim et al. (2005); Leonard and McKenzie (2006); Mancopes et al. (2021); Nagaya et al. (1998); Robbins et al. (1992)
	Increased with age (all participants were males)	Logemann et al. (2000)
	No significant difference between younger and older adults (all participants were females)	Logemann et al. (2002)
	No significant difference between younger and older adults	Kang et al. (2010)
Sex	Increased with males compared to females	Humbert et al. (2018)
	Increased with females compared to males when manometric catheter in situ, but no significant difference without catheter	Robbins et al. (1992)
	No significant difference between males and females	Kim et al. (2005); Mancopes et al. (2021); Molfenter and Steele (2013); Nagy et al. (2013); Steele et al. (2019)
Viscosity	Increased with mixed consistency compared to thin liquid	Humbert et al. (2018)
	Increased with semisolids compared to liquids	Robbins et al. (1992)
	Increased with thicker liquids	Steele et al. (2019)
	No significant difference between thin liquid and paste	Kendall et al. (2001)
	No significant difference between thin liquid and mildly thick liquid	Oommen et al. (2011)
Volume	Increased with larger volume	Chi-Fishman and Sonies (2000)
	Decreased with larger volume	Kendall and Leonard (2001)
	No significant effect of volume	Kendall et al. (2000); Mancopes et al. (2021); Oommen et al. (2011); Power et al. (2007); Steele et al. (2019)
Cueing	Decreased with verbal cues to swallow	Daniels et al. (2007)
	No significant difference between cued and noncued swallows	Nagy et al. (2013)
Temperature	Decreased with room temperature bolus compared to cold bolus	Humbert et al. (2018)

Note. SRT = swallow reaction time.