R1 and R3 peptides are specific for AMA1. (A) Two clones, R1 and R3, were identified from the pooled round-4 phages. R1 and R3 phages were incubated with wells coated with AMA1, MSP3, MSP2, RESA, and BSA and were found to be specific for AMA1. (B) Volumes (0.5 μg each) of recombinant AMA1 and MSP3 were transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride membranes following sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and probed with R1 (left panel) and R3 (right panel) phage. Both R1 and R3 phages bind specifically to AMA1.