Table 4.

Time-course protein expression of ATF5, CHOP, and C/EBP-β following acute treadmill exercise in rat skeletal muscle.

Variables	SED	0	1	3	6	12	24
ATF5 (ng/mg protein)	50.38 ± 1.48	58.66 ± 2.12	58.21 ± 4.16	69.91 ± 4.96*	74.36 ± 5.31*	72.04 ± 2.41*	75.04 ± 2.54*
% change (relative to SED)	–	16 %	16 %	39 %	48 %	43 %	49 %
p value (compared to SED)	–	0.1092	0.1293	0.0004	< 0.0001	0.0001	< 0.0001
CHOP (ng/mg protein)	51.34 ± 3.56	56.74 ± 2.85	53.63 ± 3.42	56.78 ± 3.47	60.86 ± 2.73*	60.76 ± 1.91*	69.23 ± 2.98*
% change (relative to SED)	–	11 %	4 %	11 %	19 %	18 %	35 %
p value (compared to SED)	–	0.2166	0.5959	0.2131	0.033	0.0348	0.0002
C/EBP-β (μg/mg protein)	9.36 ± 0.72	10.66 ± 0.79	10.27 ± 0.49	11.09 ± 0.92	11.59 ± 0.83*	12.07 ± 0.78*	13.13 ± 0.74*
% change (relative to SED)	–	14 %	10 %	18 %	24 %	29 %	40 %
p value (compared to SED)	–	0.2354	0.4041	0.1175	0.0462	0.0167	0.0013

Data are presented as mean ± SEM (n = 6).

The asterisk (*) indicates a significant difference from SED (p < 0.05).

SED, sedentary; ATF5, activating transcription factor 5; CHOP, C/EBP homologous protein; C/EBP-β, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta.