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. 2025 Jul 23;2025:8854646. doi: 10.1155/ipid/8854646

Table 1.

Prevention, outpatient and inpatient costs, and income loss for the total population (n = 2006) and for those households who had COVID-19 inpatient or outpatient visits (n = 464).

Variable Observations Mean Standard error Minimum Maximum
Total population
Prevention costs 2006 1.413 2.009 0 20.889
Outpatient costs 2006 3.649 12.791 0 360.000
Inpatient costs 2006 1.108 4.879 0 57.778
Income loss costs 2006 0.059 0.870 0 25.778

Households who had inpatient or outpatient visits only
Prevention costs 464 1.332 2.011 0 20.889
Outpatient costs 464 10.952 23.556 0 360.000
Inpatient costs 464 4.790 9.242 0 57.778
Income loss costs 464 0.143 1.190 0 24.000

Values are reported in US$.