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. 2025 Jul 17;16:1628450. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2025.1628450

TABLE 2.

Multivariate logistic regression analysis for risk factors associated with acute kidney injury in perioperative non-cardiac and non-urological surgery patients.

Variables B (original) B (adjusted) SE OR CI Z P
Intercept −20.134 −20.155 1.196 0 0–0 −16.835 0
Age 0.042 0.042 0.006 1.04 1.03–1.05 7.571 0
ASA 0.557 0.56 0.073 1.75 1.51–2.01 7.655 0
Anesthesia methods 0.461 0.463 0.069 1.59 1.39–1.82 6.647 0
Emergency surgery [Yes] 0.489 0.487 0.088 1.63 1.37–1.94 5.548 0
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) [Yes] 0.523 0.516 0.104 1.69 1.38–2.07 5.02 0
Liver cirrhosis [Yes] 0.487 0.465 0.229 1.63 1.04–2.55 2.13 0.033
Child-Pugh score 0.249 0.250 0.024 1.28 1.22–1.34 10.447 0
Diabetes [Yes] 0.241 0.244 0.089 1.27 1.07–1.52 2.707 0.007
Max 90-day pre-op urine protein 0.232 0.234 0.053 1.26 1.14–1.4 4.354 0
Coronary heart disease [Yes] 0.35 0.348 0.091 1.42 1.19–1.7 3.856 0
Mean arterial pressure <65 mmHg duration 0.008 0.008 0.001 1.01 1.01–1.01 6.856 0
Preoperative glucose 0.064 0.063 0.013 1.07 1.04–1.09 4.745 0
Postoperative neutrophils 0.044 0.044 0.007 1.04 1.03–1.06 5.993 0
Postoperative mean platelet volume measurement 0.222 0.222 0.025 1.25 1.19–1.31 8.742 0
Postoperative serum sodium 0.042 0.042 0.008 1.04 1.03–1.06 5.402 0
Preoperative antihypertensive medication [Yes] 0.32 0.32 0.07 1.38 1.2–1.58 4.578 0
Heparin during admission [Yes] 1.808 1.82 0.174 6.1 4.34–8.58 10.372 0
Intraoperative norepinephrine [Yes] 0.572 0.574 0.083 1.77 1.51–2.08 6.905 0

Abbreviations: ASA, american society of anesthesiologists; B, regression coefficient; SE, standard error; OR, odds radio; CI, credibility interval.