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. 2025 Jul 17;13:1617737. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2025.1617737

FIGURE 5.

Immunofluorescence images and box plots illustrate CTCF intensity in skin samples. Panels A and B show healthy and psoriatic skin, respectively. Panel C depicts a significant decrease in CTCF in psoriatic samples. Panels D to F detail effects of ex vivo treatments over days two, four, and eight, under different conditions: control, IFN-γ, and IL-17A + IL-22 + IFN-γ. Panel G shows box plots comparing CTCF intensity normalized to control for each condition over time, indicating statistical significance and non-significance with specific combinations and treatments. Scale bar indicates 50 micrometers.

EPPK1 immunostaining and ex-vivo cytokine treatment. Immunofluorescence imaging of (A) healthy skin and (B) psoriatic skin. Images at ×40 magnification display DAPI-stained nuclei (blue) and EPPK1 fluorescence (red). (C) Quantification of EPPK1 signal intensity based on corrected total cell fluorescence (CTCF) normalized to the mean of healthy control samples. Data are presented as box plots displaying all individual data points. Red indicates statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). (D–F) Immunofluorescence staining of human skin cultured ex vivo and treated with pro-inflammatory cytokines. Representative images at ×40 magnification showing EPPK1 (red) and DAPI (blue) at days 2, 4, and 8 post-treatment. (D) Untreated ex vivo skin. (E) IFN-γ treatment. (F) Combined treatment with IL-1β, IL-17A, IL-22, and IFN-γ. (G) Quantification of EPPK1 expression (CTCF) in cytokine-treated ex vivo skin, normalized to untreated control samples. Data are shown as box plots with all data points. Red highlights statistically significant changes (adjusted p < 0.05).