Skip to main content
. 2025 Jul 24;86:103360. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2025.103360

Table 2.

Frequently used stigma definitions and their regions with frequently observed disorders.

Region and Condition Corrigan Goffman Link and Phelan Total
African region 1 12 5 18
 Epilepsy 0 1 0 1
 HIV/AIDS 0 10 5 15
 Schizophrenia 1 1 0 2
American region 10 23 17 50
 Bipolar disorder 3 1 2 6
 Depression 4 2 3 9
 Epilepsy 0 1 2 3
 HIV/AIDS 0 18 7 25
 Schizophrenia 3 1 3 7
Eastern Med. region 5 4 2 11
 Bipolar disorder 2 0 0 2
 Depression 1 0 0 1
 Epilepsy 0 1 0 1
 HIV/AIDS 0 1 0 1
 Schizophrenia 2 2 2 6
European region 11 16 9 36
 Bipolar disorder 2 2 0 4
 Depression 3 5 2 10
 Epilepsy 0 2 3 5
 HIV/AIDS 0 4 1 5
 Schizophrenia 6 3 3 12
Southeast Asia region 3 12 9 24
 Bipolar disorder 1 1 1 3
 Depression 1 4 4 9
 Epilepsy 0 0 1 1
 HIV/AIDS 0 4 0 4
 Schizophrenia 1 3 3 7
Western Pacific region 13 11 11 35
 Bipolar disorder 3 0 2 5
 Depression 4 3 3 10
 Epilepsy 0 1 1 2
 HIV/AIDS 0 4 2 6
 Schizophrenia 6 3 3 12
Total 43 78 53 174

Tabulations with an unspecified region were excluded from the table. Additionally, these conditions were selected based on the most frequently reported condition globally, rather than by region.