Skip to main content
. 2025 Jul 17;16:1557972. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1557972

FIGURE 2.

The image contains five panels depicting microbiome analyses. Panel A shows a bar plot of microbial composition at the phylum level for HC and PA groups. Panel B displays a bar plot at the genus level across the same groups. Panel C is a cladogram illustrating the taxonomic distribution between HC and PA, with significant taxa highlighted. Panel D presents a LEfSe bar chart showing the LDA scores of different taxa, indicating their significance in each group. Panel E is a heatmap from an ANCOM analysis, highlighting the abundance of specific taxa between HC and PA, with varying shades representing different abundance levels.

Identification of characteristic taxa with the most significant difference between the HC and PA groups. (A) Taxonomic proportions at the phylum level. (B) Taxonomic proportions at the genus level. (C) Cladograms generated by LEfSe indicate differences in the bacterial taxa between the HC and PA groups. (D) LDA scores indicating differentially abundant bacterial taxa between the HC and PA groups (LDA > 4). (E) A heatmap depicts the differential abundance of microbial taxa. Rows (microbial taxa at the phylum and genus level) and columns (samples) were ordered by hierarchical clustering. Differentially abundant taxa were determined by ANCOM (W > 0.7) and labeled with * in the heatmap. PA group (n = 33) and HC group (n = 16).