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. 2025 Jul 17;16:1557972. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1557972

FIGURE 6.

Bar graphs A to J compare the proportion of sequences related to various biosynthesis and metabolism processes between HC and PA groups. Statistically significant differences are marked with asterisks, while “ns” indicates no significance. Panel A shows differences in phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis. Panels B to F display significant variations in other pathways, while panels G to J show no significant differences. Each graph individually illustrates the comparative data between the two groups using colored bars and markers.

Metagenome prediction from PICRUSt between the HC and PA groups. (A–C) The pathways of phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis, and pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis were decreased in children with PA. (D–F) The pathways of ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis, tyrosine metabolism, and tryptophan metabolism were increased in children with PA. (G–J) The pathways of glycerophospholipid metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, and steroid hormone biosynthesis were not significantly altered in children with PA. The bars indicate mean ± SEM values. The data were statistically analyzed using the unpaired two-tailed Student’s t-test. Significance was set at ns, not significant (p > 0.05), *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001. PA group (n = 33) and HC group (n = 16).