Table 2. The maximum upper arm circumference and the maximum thigh circumference of the swimmers with UFD and with VI.

	UFD (n=7)	VI (n=5)	Means difference	ES
	(mean ± SD)	(mean ± SD)	(95% CI)
Maximum upper arm circumference (cm)
Dominant	27.3 ± 3.1	30.4 ± 2.0	1.6 (−6.6 to 0.4)	−1.14
Non-dominant/deficient	23.8 ± 3.7*	30.1 ± 1.8	1.8 (−10.2 to −2.3)	−2.05
Thigh circumference (cm)
5 cm from the base of the patella
Dominant	39.8 ± 1.9	39.0 ± 3.0	1.4 (−2.3 to 3.9)	0.33
Non-dominant/deficient	40.4 ± 2.2	38.9 ± 3.1	1.5 (−1.9 to 4.9)	0.59
10 cm from the base of the patella
Dominant	44.7 ± 4.4	44.3 ± 3.1	1.3 (−2.6 to 3.4)	0.17
Non-dominant/deficient	45.1 ± 2.5	44.2 ± 2.9	1.6 (−2.5 to 4.4)	0.36
15 cm from the base of the patella
Dominant	49.3 ± 2.5	49.5 ± 2.2	1.4 (−1.9 to 2.9)	−0.07
Non-dominant/deficient	50.0 ± 2.2	49.4 ± 2.6	1.4 (−2.5 to 3.7)	0.24

*p<0.05 t-test for unpaired samples.

UFD: unilateral forearm deficiency; VI: vision impairment; ES: Cohen’s d effect sizes.