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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: IEEE Rev Biomed Eng. 2025 Jan 28;18:268–280. doi: 10.1109/RBME.2024.3368662

Figure 2:

Figure 2:

Each arrow in the image above represents a conversion of energy. In each of these conversions, energy is lost. By selecting the pathway with the fewest lossy energy conversions, a more efficient system can be realized.